Topical halobacteria extract composition for treating radiation skin tissue damage

ABSTRACT

A composition for treating skin damage that includes halobacteria extracts and  Daunaliella  extracts. The aforementioned extracts have strong antioxidants with high redox potential when dissolved in oil and in water. The strong antioxidants inhibit known oxidative mechanisms which are further correlated with skin damage. The halobacteria extract is Archaebacteria DN-1, which has a wide range impact on rehabilitation of the skin tissue after radiation. Furthermore, the composition is preferably adapted for topical delivery.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed towards a composition for treating skin damage by using a combination of halobacteria extracts and Daunaliella extracts. More specifically the invention relates to a composition comprising a combination of halobacteria extracts and Daunaliella extracts for enhancement and rehabilitation of the skin tissue after radiation treatment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Halobacteria are known as halophilic microorganisms. This type of archaeon can act as a good model for some aspects of eukaryotic biology, such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Comparing a halophile genome to that of other prokaryotes should give insight into microbial adaptation to extreme conditions.

Halobacteria are extreme obligate bacteria. They require, for their growth, very high salt concentrations (from 10 to 30%), KCl, MgCl2 and especially NaCl. These organisms are isolated from natural media. To maintain their internal osmotic pressure which should be in equilibrium with the NaCl concentration in the medium, halobacteria accumulate from 3 to 4 M of salt in their cytoplasm in the form of KCl. A suspension of halobacteria in a medium containing an NaCl concentration of 2M causes complete loss of the stiffness of the bacterial envelope and the bacterium then assumes a round shape. Decreasing the salt concentration below 1 M leads to bacterial lysis.

Colonies of halobacteria are red in colour, their envelopes indeed contain coloured pigments (bacterio-ruberins) which protect them against intense ultraviolet radiation to which they are exposed. Halobacteria possess a pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps chloride ions in the cell in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.

The conventional shape of Halobacterium in a salt-rich medium is that of an oblong bacillus 4 to 10 [mu]m long and 0.7 [mu]m in diameter. This bacterium possesses from 5 to 8 lophotrichous flagella. Halobacterium halobium is incapable of using carbohydrates as carbon and energy source.

EP application no. 1250918 discloses extraction process and the use of a glycoprotein fraction extracted from an archaebacterium: Halobacterium halobium.

The product described, incorporated into a cosmetic preparation, has the peculiarity to protect skin cells from the harmful effects of pollution and/or radiation.

RU application no. 2109515 discloses a strain Halobacterium halobium preparation showing bioactive properties. This strain produces the broad spectrum of biological macrobiotic activity. Antiradical effect of preparation stops destructive effect of labile free radicals. Preparation is a lyophilized powder of halobacterium biomass and can be used as a biologically active addition to food, as an agent decreasing toxic effect of antitumor compounds. Preparation can be used for prophylaxis and therapy of radiation sickness.

A variety of Halobacteria extracts are known to have advantageous cosmetic and/or therapeutic properties especially for the treatment of scars, thermal, electrical chemical and sun burns or different types of sores as topical composition such as milk, cream, lotion, serum, mask or gel.

There thus remains an unmet and long felt need to provide means and methods for improved treatment of skin tissue burns, blemishes and defects.

SUMMARY

It is one object of the present invention to provide a composition for treating skin damage comprising halobacteria extracts, the halobacteria extracts comprising strong antioxidants with high redox potential when dissolved in oil and in water; the strong antioxidants inhibiting known oxidative mechanisms correlated with skin damage; wherein the halobacteria extract is Archaebacteria DN-1 which has a wide range impact on rehabilitation of the skin tissue after radiation; the composition is adapted for topical delivery.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the composition further comprises Daunaliella extracts.

It is one object of the present invention to provide composition for treating skin damage in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extracts, the extracts comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and, (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro Assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g measured by oxygen radical absorbent capacity (ORAC) Assay 1 at the treatment site.

It is one object of the present invention to provide composition for treating skin damage in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extracts, the extracts comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and, (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) Assay 4 at the treatment site.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a composition for treating skin damage in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extracts, the extracts comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and, (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay 4 at the treatment site.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a composition for treating skin damage in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extracts, the extracts comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and, (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g measured by 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) Assay 4 at the treatment site.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a composition for treating skin damage in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extracts, the extracts comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and, (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4, the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) Assay 5 at the treatment site.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the body serum measurement is taken from any body site.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the halobacteria extracts provides antioxidant and redox potential to a wound site, correlated with an increase in erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and glutathione concentration in a treated subject compared with an untreated control.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the assay 1-5 measurement of total antioxidant activity is performed in a serum sample of the composition or in an object plasma tissue.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the halobacteria extract protects membranes from oxidation by reacting with radicals produced in the chain reaction.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, further wherein the composition is for decreasing of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation in variety of systems such as the nerve system, digesting system and vascular system.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, further wherein the composition is for treating cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the composition comprises by weight, 2.5%-10% Archaebacteria DN-1.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the delivering manner is selected from the group consisting of: a gel, a milk, a lotion, a serum, a mask, ointments or a cream.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the composition as defined above, wherein the skin damage is selected from the group consisting of: skin blemish, scars, burns, mucositis or/and bedsores resulting from radiation treatment, surgery or any drug treatment.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a skin damage treatment composition comprising halobacterial extract, promotes rehabilitation of the body tissue after radiation, alleviation of depression, reduction of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation, treatment of cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a skin damage treatment composition comprising halobacterial extract, further comprises, preservatives, surfactants, humectants, emulsifiers, thickening agents, perfumes, preservatives, vegetable or mineral oils, antiseptic agents, acidifying or alkalinizing agents, vitamins, anti-UV agents, solvents, pH-stabilizing agents, silicones and combination thereof.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a method of producing an Archaebacteria DN-1 fraction comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a bacterial mass by culturing archaebacteria, (b) dispersing a quantity of the bacterial mass in a solvent to form a solution, (c) extracting the solution with a halogenated solvent, (d) extracting the solution with a C1-C4 alkanol; and (e) extracting the solution with water.

The halobacteria extract is Archaebacteria DN-1 having an anti oxidant activity which has a wide range impact on rehabilitation of the skin tissue after radiation; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g at the treatment site.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, further wherein the composition is for decreasing of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation in variety of systems such as the nerve system, digesting system and vascular system.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, further wherein the composition is for treating cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, wherein the composition comprises by weight, 2.5%-10% Archaebacteria DN-1.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, wherein the delivering manner is selected from the group consisting of: a gel, a milk, a lotion, a serum, a mask, ointments or a cream.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, wherein the composition treats skin blemish such as scars, burns or/and bedsores resulting from radiation, surgery or any drug treatment.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, wherein the composition comprising halobacterial extract, promotes rehabilitation of the body tissue after radiation, alleviation of depression, reduction of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation, treatment of cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, wherein the composition further comprises, preservatives, surfactants, humectants, emulsifiers, thickening agents, perfumes, preservatives, vegetable or mineral oils, antiseptic agents, acidifying or alkalinizing agents, vitamins, anti-UV agents, solvents, pH-stabilizing agents, silicones and combination thereof.

It is another object of the present invention to provide the method as defined above, wherein the halobacteria extract has antioxidant activity due to its redox properties, resulting in increment of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and glutathione concentration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be implemented in practice, a plurality of embodiments is adapted to now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 presents a graph of MTT assay results of the different treatment groups without or with UVB radiation, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 presents a graph of Caspase 3 assay results of the different treatment groups without or with UVB radiation, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 present a graph of MTT assay results after of the different treatment groups without or with the induction of inflammation, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 present a graph of quantitative Elisa results for IL-1β after skin treated by the extracts and exposed to inflammatory inducers, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 presents a graph of quantitative Elisa results for TNFα after skin treated by the extracts and exposed to inflammatory inducers, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 presents a graph of quantitative Elisa results for IL-6 after skin treated by the extracts and exposed to inflammatory inducers, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 presents a graph of MTT assay results of keratinocyte cells exposed to Daunaliella, Halobacteria and Synergy extracts, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 presents a graph of MTT assay results after keratinocyte cells exposed to different ratios of Daunaliella and Halobacteria, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is provided so as to enable any person skilled in the art to make use of the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out this invention. Various modifications, however, will remain apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined specifically to provide an archaebacteria DN-1 useful for treating skin damages resulting from radiation, surgery or any drug treatment (such as scars, burns, bedsores and mucositis).

The present invention is a composition which includes Archaebacteria DN-1 which comprises strong antioxidants that dissolved in oil and in water. The composition has a wide range impact on rehabilitation of the skin. The treatment is delivered topically.

Treatment with Archaebacteria DN-1 comprising strong antioxidants prevents propagation of tissue damage and improve both survival and neurological outcome of diseases. One of the parameters that is modulated either by radical overload or by intake of dietary antioxidants (and can therefore be regarded as more representative of the in vivo balance between oxidizing species and antioxidant compounds unknown, measurable and not measurable) is plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

There are several methods to assess the antioxidant activity of a substance:

Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) is a method of measuring antioxidant capacities in biological samples in vitro. The assay measures the oxidative degradation of the fluorescent molecule (either beta-phycoerythrin or fluorescein) after being mixed with free radical generators such as azo-initiator compounds.

DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is composed of stable free-radical molecules. DPPH acts as a monitor of chemical reactions involving radicals. DPPH is radical and a trap (“scavenger”) for other radicals. Therefore, rate reduction of a chemical reaction upon addition of DPPH is used as an indicator of the radical nature of a reaction. The DPPH assay provides an easy and rapid way to evaluate potential antioxidants.

The antioxidant activity can also be measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP, also Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) is an antioxidant capacity assays which uses Trolox as a standard*FRAP assay uses antioxidants as reluctant in a redox-linked colorimetric method, employing an easily reduced oxidant system presentin stoichiometric excess.

ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay is another method to measure antioxidant capacities. In this assay, ABTS is converted to its radical cation by addition of sodium persulfate. This radical cation is blue in color and absorbs light at 734 nm. The ABTS radical cation is reactive towards most antioxidants including phenolics, thiols and Vitamin C. During this reaction, the blue ABTS radical cation is converted back to its colorless neutral form. The reaction may be monitored spectrophotometrically. This assay is often referred to as the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. The reactivity of the various antioxidants tested are compared to that of Trolox, which is a water-soluble analog of vitamin E.

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) is an additional measurement of antioxidant strength based on Trolox, measured in units called Trolox Equivalents (TE), e.g. μmolTE/100 g. Due to the difficulties in measuring individual antioxidant components of a complex mixture (such as blueberries or tomatoes), Trolox equivalency is used as a benchmark for the antioxidant capacity of such a mixture. Trolox equivalency is most often measured using the ABTS decolorization assay.

The present invention further provides a composition for treating skin damages in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extract the extract comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro Assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of at least 167.1 μMolTE/100 g measured by oxygen radical absorbent capacity (ORAC) Assay 1 at the treatment site.

The present invention further provides a composition for treating skin damages in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extract the extract comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMolTE/100 g measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) Assay 4 at the treatment site.

The present invention further provides a composition for treating skin damages in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extract the extract comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMolTE/100 g measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay 4 at the treatment site.

The present invention further provides a composition for treating skin damages in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extract the extract comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMolTE/100 g measured by 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) Assay 4 at the treatment site.

The present invention further provides a composition for treating skin damages in a mammalian subject the composition comprising a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extract the extract comprising: (a) at least one water soluble fraction; and (b) at least one oil soluble fraction. The Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro assay 1-4, the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMolTE/100 g measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) Assay 5 at the treatment site.

The body serum measurement is taken form any body site the serum total antioxidant capacity is expressed in mM Trolox equivalents.

Halobacteria extract has potential applications as strong antioxidants which dissolved in oil and in water; the strong antioxidants have a capacity to inhibit oxidative mechanisms that leads to skin damages.

The halobacteria extract has antioxidant activity due to its redox properties, resulting in increment of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and glutathione concentration.

The increment of IL-6 a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by T cells and macrophages, stimulates immune response, during infection and after trauma.

The halobacteria extract further protects membranes from oxidation by reacting with radicals produced in the chain reaction.

The present invention may provide Halobacteria extracts based food supplements, pharmaceuticals, nuetraceuticals, cosmoceuticals, dressings and other extract based products directed to scars, burns or different types of sores and more particularly rehabilitation of the body tissue after radiation, alleviation of depression, both topically and orally.

Several uses and benefits of the compositions may also be included such as: Decreasing of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation in variety of systems (such as the nerve system, digesting system and vascular system). Treating patient suffering from cardiac, liver or vascular diseases with halobacteria compositions. Stabilization and improvement of the immune system and also the endocrine system are also made possible by some embodiments of the present invention.

The term “Halobacteria”, “Archaebacteria”, “halophilic archaea halobacteria” as used herein should be further understood also as Archaebacterium, Halobacterium halobium. Several side effects resulting from radiation therapy are usually limited to the area of the patient's body that is under treatment. One of the aims of radiation therapy is to reduce side effects to a minimum.

The main side effects reported are fatigue and skin irritation, such as a mild to moderate burn. The fatigue often sets in during the middle of a course of treatment and can last for weeks after treatment ends. The irritated skin will heal, but may not be as elastic as it was before.

There several Acute side effects resulting from radiation treatment.

Damage to the Epithelial Surfaces;

Epithelial surfaces may sustain damage from radiation therapy. Depending on the area being treated, this may include the skin, oral mucosa, pharyngeal, bowel mucosa and ureter. The rates of onset of damage and recovery from it depend upon the turnover rate of epithelial cells. Typically the skin starts to become pink and sore several weeks into treatment. The reaction may become more severe during the treatment and for up to about one week following the end of radiation therapy, and the skin may break down. Although this moist desquamation is uncomfortable, recovery is usually quick Skin reactions tend to be worse in areas where there are natural folds in the skin, such as underneath the female breast, behind the ear, and in the groin.

Mouth and Throat Sores;

If the head and neck area is treated, temporary soreness and ulceration commonly occur in the mouth and throat. If severe, this can affect swallowing, and the patient may need painkillers and nutritional support/food supplements. The esophagus can also become sore if it is treated directly, or if, as commonly occurs, it receives a dose of collateral radiation during treatment of lung cancer.

Late side effects occur months to years after treatment and are generally limited to the area that has been treated. They are often due to damage of blood vessels and connective tissue cells. Many late effects are reduced by fractionating treatment into smaller parts.

Fibrosis;

Tissues which have been irradiated tend to become less elastic over time due to a diffuse scarring process.

Epilation;

Epilation (hair loss) may occur on any hair bearing skin with doses above 1 Gy. It only occurs within the radiation field/s. Hair loss may be permanent with a single dose of 10 Gy, but if the dose is fractionated permanent hair loss may not occur until dose exceeds 45 Gy.

Dryness;

The salivary glands and tear glands have a radiation tolerance of about 30 Gy in 2 Gy fractions, a dose which is exceeded by most radical head and neck cancer treatments. Dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eyes (xerophthalmia) can become irritating long-term problems and severely reduce the patient's quality of life. Similarly, sweat glands in treated skin (such as the armpit) tend to stop working, and the naturally moist vaginal mucosa is often dry following pelvic irradiation.

Lymphedema, a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling, can result from damage to the lymphatic system sustained during radiation therapy. It is the most commonly reported complication in breast radiation therapy patients who receive adjuvant axillary radiotherapy following surgery to clear the axillary lymph nodes.

Heart Disease;

Radiation has potentially excess risk of death from heart disease seen after some past breast cancer RT regimens.

Radiation Proctitis;

This can involve long-term effects on the rectum including bleeding, diarrhoea and urgency and is associated with radiation therapy to pelvic organs. Pelvic radiation therapy can also cause radiation cystitis when the bladder is affected

One of the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer is mucositis, known as a painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract. Mucositis can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but oral mucositis refers to the particular inflammation and ulceration that occurs in the mouth. Oral mucositis is a common and often debilitating complication of cancer treatment.

Oral and gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis affects almost all patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 80% of patients with malignancies of the head and neck receiving radiotherapy, and a wide range of patients receiving chemotherapy. Alimentary tract mucositis increases mortality and morbidity and contributes to rising health care costs

Radiotherapy to the head and neck or to the pelvis or abdomen is associated with Grade 3 and Grade 4 oral or GI mucositis, respectively, often exceeding 50% of patients. Among patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy, pain and decreased oral function may persist long after the conclusion of therapy. Fractionated radiation dosage increases the risk of mucositis to >70% of patients in most trials. Oral mucositis is particularly profound and prolonged among HSCT recipients who receive total-body irradiation. Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy usually become symptomatic four to five days after beginning treatment, reaching a peak at around day 10, and then slowly improving over the course of a few weeks. Mucositis associated with radiotherapy usually appears at the end of the second week of treatment and may last for six to eight weeks. As a result of cell death in reaction to chemo- or radio-therapy, the mucosal lining of the mouth becomes thin, may slough off and then become red, inflamed and ulcerated. The ulcers may become covered by a yellowish white fibrin clot called a pseudomembrane. Peripheral erythema is usually present. Ulcers may range from 0.5 cm to greater than 4 cm. Oral mucositis can be severely painful. The degree of pain is usually related to the extent of the tissue damage. Pain is often described as a burning sensation accompanied by reddening.

Sores or ulcerations results from the radiation can become infected by virus, bacteria or fungus. Pain and loss of taste perception makes it more difficult to eat, which leads to weight loss. Ulcers may act as a site for local infection and a portal of entry for oral flora that, in some instances, may cause septicemia. Approximately half of all patients who receive chemotherapy develop such severe oral mucositis that becomes dose-limiting such that the patient's cancer treatment must be modified, compromising the prognosis. The present invention provides a composition comprising Halobacteria extracts. Halobacteria are recognized as archaea, rather than bacteria. The name ‘halobacteria’ was assigned to this group of organisms before the existence of the domain Archaea was realized, and remains valid according to taxonomic rules. In a non-taxonomic context, halophilic archaea are also sometimes referred to as haloarchaea to distinguish them from halophilic bacteria.

The composition comprises Archaebacteria DN-1 which is known also as DN-1—homogenate of Halobacteria. The DN-1 homogenate contains two groups of antioxidants—water soluble and oil soluble, so it is an antioxidant containing extract with wide-ranging effects on body restoration after radiation, wounds, burns, pressure sores and scarring after surgery. The antioxidant promotes and increase mortality and further extends the life span. There are several ways to measure antioxidants activity. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) is the current industry standard for assessing antioxidant strength of whole foods, juices and food additives. Other measurement tests include the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay The halobacteria extracts composition of the present invention have the ability to both enhance and strengthen the human immune system. The composition further increases the body's natural resistance system, increases the body's capacity to withstand a successful bacterial and/or viral invasion, and boosts the body's ability to recuperate.

This formulation also provides effective blood purification and detoxification.

The product may be obtained in the following manner: the bacterial mass obtained from the culture of archaebacteria is first freed from its lipid constituents by two successive extractions, the first with a halogenated solvent and the second with a C1-C4 alkanol, and then extracted with distilled water. The extract obtained is then ultrafiltered in order to remove the residual inorganic salts. After evaporation and drying of the filtrate under vacuum, a yellowish white powder is obtained exhibiting a strong positive reaction to ninhydrin.

The method for extracting the product according to the invention is applied to archaebacteria, preferably to halobacteria, and more particularly to Halobacterium halobium.

The composition of the present invention may further comprises Daunaliella extracts. The combination of halobacteria extracts with Daunaliella extract further provides antioxidant activity and therefore increases the useful of the treatment of skin damages resulting from radiation, surgery or any drug treatment (such as scars, burns, bedsores and mucositis).

The Daunaliella, a halotolerant green alga, accumulate high concentration of β-carotene when grown under defined condition. Daunaliella posses the ability to accumulate very large amounts of β-carotene (more than 10% of the algae dry weight) under defined condition. The extent of β-carotene accumulation was shown to have a direct function of the integral amount of light and high NaCl concentration to which the algae are exposed during a division cycle.

β-carotene possesses powerful anti-cancer properties. By reducing the amount of harmful free radicals in the body that can otherwise damage the DNA which further promotes cosmetic-related problems such as wrinkles and, on a more serious note, it can increase a subject risk of cancer. Daunaliella known to have a direct influence on the immune cells. Daunaliella further contains another carotenoid called zeaxanthin, a valuable antioxidant with the ability to both help prevent and treat debilitating condition that causes progressive vision loss.

The present invention further presents a method of producing an Archaebacteria DN-1 fraction comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a bacterial mass by culturing archaebacteria, (b) dispersing a quantity of the bacterial mass in a solvent to form a solution, (c) extracting the solution with a halogenated solvent, (d) extracting the solution with a C1-C4 alkanol, and (e) extracting the solution with water.

The halobacteria extract is Archaebacteria DN-1 having an anti oxidant activity which has a wide range impact on rehabilitation of the skin tissue after radiation; the activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g at the treatment site.

The method of the present invention as defined above, further wherein the composition is for decreasing of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation in variety of systems such as the nerve system, digesting system and vascular system.

The method of the present invention as defined above, further wherein the composition is for treating cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.

The method of the present invention as defined above, wherein the composition comprises by weight, 2.5%-10% Archaebacteria DN-1.

The method of the present invention as defined above, wherein the delivering manner is selected from the group consisting of: a gel, a milk, a lotion, a serum, a mask, ointments or a cream.

The method of the present invention as defined above, wherein the composition treats skin blemish such as scars, burns or/and bedsores resulting from radiation, surgery or any drug treatment.

The method of the present invention as defined above, wherein the composition comprising halobacterial extract, promotes rehabilitation of the body tissue after radiation, alleviation of depression, reduction of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation, treatment of cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.

The method of the present invention as defined above, wherein the composition further comprises, preservatives, surfactants, humectants, emulsifiers, thickening agents, perfumes, preservatives, vegetable or mineral oils, antiseptic agents, acidifying or alkalinizing agents, vitamins, anti-UV agents, solvents, pH-stabilizing agents, silicones and combination thereof.

The method of the present invention as defined above, wherein the halobacteria extract has antioxidant activity due to its redox properties, resulting in increment of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and glutathione concentration

Examples

Halobacteria and Daunaliella extracts are known to have beneficial effects on human skin. A new formulation made of a mixture of these two extracts (Synergy) had been developed and needs to be tested for efficacy, compared against the individual extracts. Previous evaluation of Synergy in the ex-vivo human skin model showed that low concentration of the test item were well tolerated, although lack a significant effect in both inflammatory skin model and UV protection. It was assumed that the concentration of the tested Synergy formulation was lower than its effective one. To overcome this issue, a new formulation of Synergy was prepared, and the study was started with dose response and composition optimization experiments in order to determine the most effective Synergy formulation. In addition, the extract was tested on new model systems to evaluate their impact on human keratinocytes and skin cell lines.

The present procedure is applicable to the extraction of halobacteria. It is based on the weakness of the cell envelopes of these microorganisms when they are exposed to low concentrations of salts, for example, in fresh water; under these conditions the cells of halophilic bacteria lyse (rupture), releasing all the cell components into the medium. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention without, however, being of a limiting nature:

In Vitro

The present invention discloses the effect of extracts of halobacteria, daunaliella and synergy between them in the ex-vivo human skin and keracinocytes cell lines models.

Ex-Vivo Human Skin Platform Skin Culturing

The human skin organ cultures were obtained from healthy 45-51 years old females undergoing plastic surgery. The study was initiated the day of surgery.

Fixed size ex-plant skin pieces (0.64 cm2) were cut from the skin tissue (abdominal), using a designated press apparatus. The skin pieces were laid in 6-well culture plates containing skin culture medium (DMEM supplemented with antibiotics), dermal side down in the medium and epidermis up. The pieces were incubated overnight at 37° C. with 5% CO2 for recovery.

Protection Against UV

The skin pieces were prepared as mention above (see skin culturing section). After the recovery, the viability and the extent of apoptosis in the epidermis layer were measured using MTT and Caspase 3 assays, respectively.

The UVB protection test was initiated by topically applying the tested extracts (Halobacteria, Daunaliella and Synergy; 3 uL) on the skin. Each well contained three skin pieces (2 wells*3 pieces per each treatment). Pieces w/o any treatment and with the vehicle (7.5% NaCl) were used as negative controls.

The pieces were incubated at 37° C. with 5% CO2.

On the next day, the tested groups were washed with PBS and were exposed to 300 mJoule of UVB light radiation. Immediately after the exposure, the PBS was replaced with 2 mL of fresh skin culture medium. Pieces with extracts not exposed to UV light used as untreated control. The culture medium was refreshed in all the control groups.

The pieces were incubated overnight at 37° C. with 5% CO2.

The epidermis was peeled from all skin pieces. The viability and the extent of apoptosis in the epidermis were measured by using MTT and Caspase 3 assays.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity

The skin pieces were prepared as mention above (see skin culturing section).

After recovery, the viability in the epidermis was assessed by MTT assay.

For induction of inflammatory characteristics, fresh skin culture medium was supplemented with a combination of EGF (2.5 ng/ml) and LPS (10 μg/mL), and was added to the appropriate wells according to Table 1. Fresh skin culture medium without supplements was used as negative, untreated control. Fresh skin culture medium in the absence of the three extract was used as negative, baseline control. Cultures stimulated with LPS and EGF were treated with the tested extracts (Halobacteria, Daunaliella and Synergy) by applying them on the epidermis topically (3 uL). The positive control contained LPS and EGF, with no addition of treatment agent.

The pieces were incubated for 48 hrs at 37° C. with 5% CO2.

Each treatment was carried out in triplicates when each well contains two skin pieces (3 well*2 pieces per each group).

After the incubation, the spent medium from treated skin cultures was collected under standardized conditions (˜1000 μl) and centrifuged at 14,000 g for 5 min to remove particulates. The clear supernatants were frozen at −70° C. for ELISA analysis.

The epidermis was peeled from all the skin pieces and the viability measured by MTT assay.

The contents of the cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in the skin culture supernatants were analyzed using appropriate kits according to manufacturer instructions. Cytokine calibration curve were generated in duplicates. Each sample was tested in duplicates.

Human Keratinocyte Cells Platform

This part of the experiment was carried out in a certified HaCaT cell line (an immortal human keratinocyte line) purchase from CLS GmbH.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the direct effect of the tested extracts on human skin cells, without the need to penetrate into the skin layers using the cytotoxicity assay measurements. A differential effect of the isolated cells vs. the skin may point that the extract does not penetrate the epidermis.

Results Skin—Protection Against UVB Irradiation

Ex-vivo human skin organ cultures were treated without or with Daunaliella and Halobacteria extracts. Samples were then exposed to 300 mJ UVB irradiation. Viability was tested by the MTT assay. The different extracts did not compromise human skin viability as shown in FIG. 1. Also, apoptosis was measured by Caspase3 assay. No significant effect of Halobacteria and Daunaliella extracts on UVB-induced damage as shown in FIG. 2.

Skin—Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Inflammation of ex-vivo human skin organ cultures was induced by LPS & EGF and treated without or with Daunaliella (0.69 mg/cm2) Halobacteria (2.76 mg/cm2) extracts (20:80 ratio) or both.

The different extracts did not compromise human skin viability as shown in FIG. 3. Combination of Daunaliella (20%) and Halobacteria (80%) synergistically attenuate LPS/EGF-induced inflammation in human skin as shown in the quantitative Elisa results for IL-1β after skin treated by the extracts and exposed to inflammatory inducers in FIG. 4. The Synergy attenuated IL-1β induction in inflamed skins Quantitative Elisa results for TNFα after skin treated by the extracts and exposed to inflammatory inducers are shown in FIG. 5. The Synergy attenuated TNFα induction in inflamed skins. Quantitative Elisa results for IL-6 after skin treated by the extracts and exposed to inflammatory inducers are shown in FIG. 6. The Synergy did not attenuate the induction of IL-6 in inflamed skins.

Human Keratinocyte Cells—Dose Response and Synergy Composition

Dose response analyses of the effect of Daunaliella and Halobacteria extract on keratinocytes cell-line viability. MTT assay results of keratinocyte cells exposed to Daunaliella, Halobacteria and Synergy extracts are shown in FIG. 7. MTT assay results after keratinocyte cells exposed to different ratios of Daunaliella and Halobacteria are shown in FIG. 8.

CONCLUSIONS

Protection from UVB-induced damage: we disclosed the ability of the compounds to protect against UV-induced damage. As shown in FIG. 1, the epidermis viability in all groups was not decreased below the basic level as measured on day 1. After the topical application of the three compounds, the samples were irradiated at 300 mJoule (moderate to high radiation). In the control sample, a clear and significant increase in apoptosis (measured by caspase 3 activation) was demonstrated (FIG. 2). Both daunaliella and halobacteria extracts had no noticeable protective effect. Although Synergy had reduced caspase 3 activity by 25%, it failed to reach significancy.

Anti-Inflammatory activity: the anti-inflammatory activity of daunaliella, halobacteria and synergy on human skin was disclosed. Skin inflammation was induced according to standard methodology by the combination of EGF and LPS. As shown in FIG. 3, the viability of the epidermis was not altered. FIG. (4, 5, 6) shows that inflammatory index (calculated by the fold increase of the cytokines) was significantly reduced by synergy.

Specifically, synergy at Daunaliella (20): Halobacteria (80) ratio reduce IL-1β and TNFα induction in the inflamed skins. However, IL-6 levels have not altered by the different extracts. Interestingly, IL-1β and TNFα have been reported to be key factors in inflamed skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, newly developed biological drugs against these two cytokines (antibodies) are now been evaluated by the FDA. Therefore, the potential beneficial effect of synergy in these diseases is promising.

Dose-response analysis in human keratinocytes cell culture: evaluation of the direct effect of the tested extracts on human skin cells was disclosed, without the need to penetrate into the skin layers using the cytotoxicity assay measurements. The viability results obtained here vary from the results in the skin pieces; the different extracts reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner (FIGS. 7-8). However, the results from the inflamed skin clearly demonstrate that the active compound can penetrate the stratum corneum barrier and interact in the target area.

Extraction of Halobacteria Homogenate DN-1.

Homogenate from red halobacteria-Archea and microalgae Dunalielia isolated in 7.5% NaCl and pH=7

Extraction halobacteria homogenate DN-1 obtained from Halobacterium halobium, preparing a salt stock solution: Adding 240 L of NaCl, 30 L of MgCL₂*6H₂O, 35 L of MgSO₄*7H₂O, 7 L KCl to a flask. Adding pure water to near the final required volume of the same flask. The salt then dissolved using a magnetic stirrer.

Adding CaCl₂*2H₂O

Adjusting the PH of the flask solution up to 7 by using 1M TrisCl buffer.

Transferring the above solution to a graduated cylinder and toping up with water to the exact final volume.

A quantity of bacterial mass is dispersed beforehand and been added to the solution described below:

Adding 767 ml from the above salt stock solution, 200 ml of pure water, 5 g of peptone, 1 g. of yeast extract, 3 g. of microalgae powder, Daunaliella and 1 g of Casein.

Adjusting the volume with 1000 ml of pure water.

Sterilization the culture by using an autoclave.

Incubating the culture for sufficient time and temperature yielding.

Suspending the culture for two weeks

A solution of microalgae Daunaliella is added to a solution of 10-day halobacteria culture and the obtained mixture is incubated at temperature 25° C. and permanent illumination. The algae is cultivated in a growth medium comprising:

Salt g/liter 240 NaCl 30 MgCL₂*6H₂O, 35 MgSO₄*7H₂O 7 KCl, 0.2 CaCl₂*2H₂O 1.0 KNO₃ 0.035 KH₂PO₄

The cultivation is adjusted to pH=7

Centrifugation of the 2 weeks old culture for 7500 RPM, 4° C., yielding a sediment Isolating the sediment and re-suspending it within a solution of 2M NaCl+0.15M MgCl₂.

Centrifugation of the solution is performed for 7500 RPM, 4° C., yielding a sediment Isolating the sediment layer and re-suspending it within a solution of 7.5% NaCl. Sonicating the above solution three times each time for 15 sec. while in between each time cooling the solution in an ice bath until a different is shown in the color and turbidity or transparency of the solution

Centrifugation of the solution is performed yield separation fractions (the centrifugation procedure is performed in 7500 RPM 4° C. for 10 min) The resulting sediment is isolated and kept in (−4)° C.

In the foregoing description, embodiments of the invention, including preferred embodiments, have been presented for the purpose of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principals of the invention and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition for treating skin damage comprising halobacteria extracts, said halobacteria extracts comprising strong antioxidants with high redox potential when dissolved in oil and in water; said strong antioxidants inhibiting known oxidative mechanisms correlated with skin damage; wherein said halobacteria extract is Archaebacteria DN-1 which has a wide range impact on rehabilitation of the skin tissue after radiation; said composition is adapted for topical delivery.
 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises Daunaliella extracts.
 3. A composition for treating skin damage in a mammalian subject, said composition comprising: a Archaebacteria DN-1 halobacterial extracts, said extracts comprising: a. at least one water soluble fraction; and b. at least one oil soluble fraction; wherein said Archaebacteria DN-1 provides an anti oxidant activity as measured by any of in vitro Assay 1-4; said activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g measured by one selected from a group consisting of: a. oxygen radical absorbent capacity (ORAC) Assay 1 at the treatment site; b. ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) Assay 4 at the treatment site; c. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay 4 at the treatment site; d. 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) Assay 4 at the treatment site; e. Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) Assay 5 at the treatment site; and f. any combination thereof.
 4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein said body serum measurement is taken from any body site.
 5. The composition according to claim 3, wherein said assay 1-5 measurement of total antioxidant activity is performed in a serum sample of said composition or in an object plasma tissue.
 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said halobacteria extracts: a. provides antioxidant and redox potential to a wound site, correllated with an increase in erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and glutathione concentration in a treated subject compared with an untreated control; b. protects membranes from oxidation by reacting with radicals produced in the chain reaction.
 7. The composition according to claim 1, further wherein said composition is for decreasing of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation in variety of systems such as the nerve system, digesting system and vascular system.
 8. The composition according to claim 1, further wherein said composition is for treating cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.
 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition comprises by weight, 2.5%-10% Archaebacteria DN-1.
 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said topical delivery is selected from the group consisting of: a gel, a milk, a lotion, a serum, a mask, ointments or a cream.
 11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said skin damage is selected from the group consisting of: skin blemish, scars, burns, mucositis or/and bedsores resulting from radiation treatment, surgery or any drug treatment.
 12. A skin damage treatment composition comprising halobacterial extract, promotes rehabilitation of the body tissue after radiation, alleviation of depression, reduction of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation, treatment of cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.
 13. A skin damage treatment composition comprising halobacterial extract, further comprises, preservatives, surfactants, humectants, emulsifiers, thickening agents, perfumes, preservatives, vegetable or mineral oils, antiseptic agents, acidifying or alkalinizing agents, vitamins, anti-UV agents, solvents, pH-stabilizing agents, silicones and combination thereof.
 14. A method of producing an Archaebacteria DN-1 composition comprising the steps of: a. obtaining a bacterial mass by culturing halobacteria; b. dispersing a quantity of the bacterial mass in a solvent to form a solution; c. extracting the solution with a halogenated solvent; d. extracting the solution with a C1-C4 alkanol; and e. extracting the solution with water; wherein said halobacteria extract is Archaebacteria DN-1 having an anti oxidant activity which has a wide range impact on rehabilitation of the skin tissue after radiation; said activity substantially correlated with a body serum TAC of at least 167.1 μMol Trolox Equivalent/100 g at the treatment site.
 15. The method according to claim 14, further wherein said composition is for one selected from a group consisting of: a. decreasing of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation in variety of systems such as the nerve system, digesting system and vascular system; b. treating cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system; and c. any combination thereof.
 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein said composition comprises by weight, 2.5%-10% Archaebacteria DN-1,
 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the composition treats skin blemish such as scars, burns or/and bedsores resulting from radiation, surgery or any drug treatment.
 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein said composition comprising halobacterial extract, promotes rehabilitation of the body tissue after radiation, alleviation of depression, reduction of clinical syndromes resulting from radiation, treatment of cardiac, liver or vascular diseases, stabilization and improvement of the immune system and the endocrine system.
 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein said composition further comprises: preservatives, surfactants, humectants, emulsifiers, thickening agents, perfumes, preservatives, vegetable or mineral oils, antiseptic agents, acidifying or alkalinizing agents, vitamins, anti-UV agents, solvents, pH-stabilizing agents, silicones and combination thereof.
 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein said halobacteria extract has antioxidant activity due to its redox properties, resulting in increment of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and glutathione concentration. 